This was when the Pueblo VI period re-structured the socioeconomic environment with immigrants and locals Because there were small areas with the same culture, everybody mixed in and it started to become bigger. Around the early 1300s, the population was made up of farmers planting alongside rivers such as the Rio Grande and Little Colorado rivers, as immigrants arrived from northern areas, joining already-established small, low density, semi-mobile household groups, creating a need to intensify.However, during this time many villages were destroyed due to warfare, malnutrition, and infectious disease The Pueblo IV period has been called a Golden Age in recognition of its large villages, technological innovations, and the appearance of elaborate religious mechanisms for social cohesion. Climate, agriculture, and the rise and fall of Chaco.Pueblo Bonito- size, population, dates of occupation, controversy.Understand how this relates to agriculture A large volume of water and sediment may have flowed into the canyon.there was a huge emphasis on labor and production.The largest example can be found in Pueblo Bonito. In the 10th and early 11th centuries, remarkable communal masonry buildings now called 'great houses' were built, concentrated in Chaco Canyon, some containing hundreds of rooms, four stories high.Chaco Phenomenon: transformation of settlement patterns in San Juan basin during late 10-11th century -> small household farmers were now centered on communal masonry.It collapsed in a brief time frame (1130-1150 AD). Chaco Canyon (approximately 800-1250 AD) is located in San Juan Basin in Northwest New Mexico.Maize was still primary food source, however, wild plants and animals were added to the local diet.

concentrations continued small farming settlements expanded over larger region of Colorado Plateau. The Pueblo II Period was characterized by population growth, aggregated communities, and the presence of Great Houses. However, due to a limited number of agricultural locations in the arid Southwest, theДЇarmers would come back to locations after the soil and the land was replenished naturally. Instead, they moved from place to place farming, so they had very low population densities. They often changed agricultural locations as well as they did not want to invest in labor or fixing the arid land they had just used for cultivation. However, before those crops were introduced to the area, the farming patterns involved family groups cultivating small plots. Even though maize, beans, and squash were not originally from northern Southwest, the economy would heavily rely on them.Evidence of these households is increased pit-house size, the creation interior storage rather than exterior, and intensification which was seen in larger millstones and ceramics.With only the household members sharing resources it created incentive to work harder and invest more in production.When pottery became widespread, around AD100-4000, it leads to the creation of economically autonomous households.Only one example of small water control system predating AD 1000 found in New Mexico.Water management were altered to suit the local environment conditions.First two millennium involved family groups cultivating small plots and relocating frequently- constant relocation implies small population density.Farmers were organized in small, highly mobile kin groups.When these plots no longer yielded much crop, these families would move to a newer area to continue their cultivation practices (long fallowing). and became the foundation to economic life in villages in this region - it was a familial practice meaning that small groups of people would cultivate plots of land. Many suggest they were used for a generalized communal event while others suggest they mimic the sacrificial and ritualistic ball games practiced in Mesoamerica. Hohokam Ball Courts: Ball courts are the northernmost expression of a distinctive form of public architecture in ancient Mexico.Hohokam canal irrigation was affected by deepening and widening of the Gila river between AD 10 and may have led to eventual salinization of fields.These sites include Las Colinas and Casa Grande These platform mound settlements in the Phoenix, Tonto, and Tuscan basins were organized in linear systems strategically built along major canals.Large adobe enclosures were built with big walls creating some platform mound settlements The Classic Period brought together many settlements into core areas.The Pre-Classic period contained many peripheral settlements with approximately 1000-2000 people.Know relationship between irrigation and Hohokam growth/economy

Hohokam irrigation year